I want to make this brief, but maybe I'll get carried away. Poor White America is invisible to the black politics of liberation. The level playing field is lumpy for everyone.
For a long time I beleived that policy perscriptions for blackfolks were necessarily different than those for whitefolks. This was primarily because I recognized the geographical differences in availability to mainstream resources made simple advice more complex. "Get a job" doesn't work where there are no jobs, structurally. Furthermore, I understand that many blackfolks want more from politics than just that which simple enlightened self-interest would demand. Given a choice between the man who pushes the button of economic empowerment and the one who does so employing the rhetoric of black uplift, blacks will choose the latter, and sometimes they will do so even if he doesn't push the button.
These beliefs are in contradiction to my desire for mainstream integration. It is ghettoes that hold back blackfolks, get out of the ghetto and the playing field is leveled. That doesn't mean that the injuries don't linger but it does mean that the number one priority is leaving the ghetto. Some think going the opposite direction is appropriate, making the individual so strong that they can survive the ghetto and thereby romanticizing the ghetto, survival in the streets, thug life and all that lowbrow rot.
The continuing myth of black vs white without consideration of class (I'll coin a term in due time), ignores the disadvantages of poor whites in the level playing field. Part of the problem is that nobody can quantify exactly what advantage ghetto whites have over ghetto blacks in the mainstream. Some would have you believe it is negligable, for others, insurmoutable.
I come to look at this in consideration of the discounting of the 'level playing field' in discussions on integration and affirmative action, but also in consideration of the white strawman. This white strawman does a lot of heavy lifting for hard afrocentrists, especially when they waltz into the arms of organized labor and other grassroots activists engaged in battles against, oh say Wal-Mart.
I suggest that the integration strategies of contemporary white immigrants as well as identifyable 'bohunks' from the white Sticks, be considered in more practical ways by black liberation politics. After all, they're the ones buying Jay-Z and DMX.
In the meantime, experienced black politicians abandon Ishpeming.
Posted by: Cobb at January 30, 2004 01:27 PM"It is ghettoes that hold back blackfolks, get out of the ghetto and the playing field is leveled. That doesn't mean that the injuries don't linger but it does mean that the number one priority is leaving the ghetto."
As always, I'm caught up in the middle. You make a solid argument, but I'm forced to make the following observations and perhaps in doing so, I can bring a different perspective to the conversation.
The term "social exclusion" has been used to describe a wide range of types of disadvantage faced by some individuals or groups in our society.
That concept as well as "structural marginalization" of groups in a society constrains people’s ability to influence decisions which shape their lives. That in turns becomes a problem of economic exclusion and socio-political exclusion.
for example, take two households of similar income, equally poor but with a different "voice" (a poor Black household and a poor White household). The former is more vulnerable to remaining chronically poor than the latter for a variety of reasons. One reason is that poor Whites benefit in many ways from the "voice" exercised by other Whites, which ensure that Whites as a whole have access to better opportunities than Blacks. Also, poor Whites will have access to White networks of information, which will give them an edge in emerging from poverty.
There is a need for policies which seek to avoid the creation of "social exclusion", with all its adverse consequences. One important component of these policies is to ensure that social, economic, administrative and political institutions are designed to be accessible and responsive to all. Investing in education and health also helps people to gain and retain "voice". As current events highlight, the consequences of excessive exclusion can be potentially explosive,and can lead to many of the social ills we're witnessing in our communities nationwide.
Despite the realities of social exclusion, the old old old traditions of stressing education give blacks, who have essentially no barriers to eduction more than enough rationale to become competent. Blacks who can demonstrate competence have not just the klan as an audience, but to every new immigrant to this nation. If the first word of English new immigrants learned was 'nigger' then I'd say we're in trouble. But it's more likely that the word is 'opportunity'.
What I'm suggesting is that there are far too many avenues to success which can be overcome by competence. I'm not suggesting that everyone has to be Jackie Robinson, but that there's good work in the minor leagues. Not only that, there's cricket and water polo.
I am willing to beleive that there are hundreds of areas where African Americans have yet to integrate or demonstrate competence. If these were not new frontiers ripe for the plucking, then I wouldn't even think about being a Republican. There are equally hundreds of neighborhoods, like South Boston, where blacks are never going to make inroads in a million years. Abandon them, and abandon the ghettoes that we all know don't work.
There would be no blacks in Chicago or Detroit unless they got fed up with sharecropping. They had to learn welding and factory work from scratch. But that Great Migration happened and it began a new era for African Americans. If blackfolks do not progress off of their current inner-city plantations / slave quarters / prisons then they will languish. It is a recipe for failure that everybody knows. Because everybody knows, we don't need blue ribbon committees or government grants to tell us that the grass is greener.
We can talk about Tuskeegee Syphillis forever. The men were illiterate and taken advantage of for the worst racist reasons. But Tuskeegee could have only happened in Tuskeegee. It couldn't have happened in Brooklyn or San Francisco. Blacks had very good reasons to leave Tuskeegee and go to Brooklyn. Now Brooklyn doesn't work, are blackfolks going to complain about people who come to the lands of opportunity from Mumbai?
When America stops building new houses, new communities and new shopping malls, then I'll beleive that this is a zero sum game (maybe). Until that time, blackfolks have no excuse for squatting on worthless property and complaining about the conditions. We are in every state of the Union and we're welcome. So move!
Where's my Cuba Gooding Jr, film library? I need to go watch 'Men of Honor' once more just to remind me that sharecroppers do grow up to be somebody. Y'all make me feel like I'm smoking dope.
(btw, welcome ray, i've blogrolled you over at cobb).
Posted by: Cobb at January 31, 2004 03:36 PMSo this is where a nice rich account of state level black politics would be helpful. If my own theory of elite political behavior holds true, then black politicians most likely ignored black working class constituents through "black empowerment rhetoric." But the kicker is that whites did too, using "white empowerment rhetoric." The content of each rhetorical narrative may be slightly different (with the white narrative more focused on rugged individualism and the black narrative focused more on a classed form of linked fate)...but they share some important similarities. Get rid of these middle men--get poor whites for instance to realize they need government--and we'll be ahead of the game.
Posted by: Lester Spence at January 31, 2004 09:16 PMCan you quantify the advantage ghetto whites have over ghetto blacks?
lks's riposte lacked any real substance. This question must be answered through causal and not correlative data.
Posted by: Scott at July 22, 2004 11:12 PMscott...experiments come the closest to proving causation that we have. you want citations, email me...but a good place to start is WHY AMERICANS HATE WELFARE.
Posted by: Lester Spence at July 24, 2004 01:01 PMOk, I'll read this as soon as im finished with my thesis.
However, as this thread goes, there is not one causal link posted quantifying the advantages of poor whites over poor blacks. There are most likely some advantages, but claims of this sort need to present causal links. If there no causal links are presented, the argument is weak.
Mbowden makes an important point regarding class and race that seems all to ignored in current discourse.
Posted by: Scott at August 1, 2004 09:29 AM
I agree with you more or less. But we CAN quantify the advantage ghetto whites have over ghetto blacks. This is where the experimental literature comes in. Whites are MUCH more likely to believe that poverty is a structural problem if the victim is a poor white woman (juxtaposed to a poor black woman). They are much more likely to call for regressive crime policy if the perp is young and black, rather than young and white. This advantage has significant benefits...particularly as rural whites all over the country are cracked out.
....I know now where the disagreement is. We shouldn't EXPECT people living in Detroit, and people living in Ishpeming to see eye to eye. Where we SHOULD expect cooperation is at the level of the state legislature. That we DON'T see it, is NOT because of black politics at all...whether you're talking nationalist, integrationist, or radical. It's because of "white" politics. In this case the unwillingness of rural white representatives to believe they have anything in common with blacks.
Posted by: lks at January 30, 2004 01:05 PM